Established in 1883, Melbourne Beach is Brevard County's oldest beach community. It was incorporated as a town in 1923. The town has a total area of 1.3 square miles and it lies on a barrier island with the Indian River lagoon to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Despite its ideal location, Melbourne Beach is still largely residential. Members of the town's Environmental Advisory Board are on the Community Wildlife Habitat team, as is the town's mayor, a former biology professor.